Micropenis
Pamali Mahasweta Nanda, Sharan Thangaraju, Jaivinder YadavMicropenis is defined as a normally formed penis with a stretched penile length <−2.5 standard deviations for age and ethnicity. It may result from hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, primary testicular failure, disorders of androgen synthesis or action, or genetic syndromes. Accurate measurement and differentiation from pseudo-micropenis are essential. Evaluation includes detailed history and examination, hormonal assessment, stimulation testing, imaging, and genetic investigations, with particular emphasis on the physiological window of mini-puberty in infancy. Management is individualized according to the underlying cause. This review provides a practical approach for pediatricians to facilitate early recognition, timely referral, and appropriate multidisciplinary care.