METHODS OF BONE AUGMENTATION IN THE AREA OF PLANNED DENTAL IMPLANTATION

Subject. Modern methods and materials for bone augmentation in the area of planned dental implantation, their clinical efficacy and limitations. Objective. To review published literature on methods of bone augmentation prior to dental implantation that are promising for clinical application. Methodology. A review of scientific literature sources was conducted, and methods of bone volume restoration before dental implantation were analyzed, with their efficacy and limitations described. Results. To establish adequate anatomical and topographical conditions, guided bone regeneration, bone grafting, distraction osteogenesis techniques, and other approaches are employed. In contemporary clinical practice, various materials are used for bone augmentation. Research findings demonstrate the effectiveness of autologous bone grafts, xenogeneic materials, allogeneic materials in combination with resorbable barrier membranes, as well as synthetic and composite grafting materials. Research data show some variability in the success rates of sinus lift procedures depending on the graft material used. The technique of alveolar ridge splitting, with or without guided bone regeneration during implantation, has become an established method for horizontal bone augmentation. In recent years, several ridge splitting techniques have been developed, including split-crest osteotomy, ridge expansion osteotomy, and various other modifications. Conclusions. Sufficient bone quantity and quality remain the determining requirements for long-term implant survival and success, as well as for preventing the development of inflammatory complications around the implant. Restoration of jaw bone volume can ensure optimal conditions for successful implant placement. Sinus lift surgery is a safe procedure with a low complication rate and predictable outcomes. The alveolar ridge splitting method effectively allows for the expansion of a narrow alveolar ridge at the site of planned dental implantation. In our opinion, among the wide range of materials available for bone augmentation in the area of dental implantation, a case-specific selection is necessary.