Mentorship in clinical and translational science: A scoping review of program components and outcomes

Abstract

Early career investigators (ECIs) navigating interdisciplinary academic environments often face complex challenges that can impede their professional development and long-term career success. Mentoring has emerged as a critical strategy for supporting ECIs within interdisciplinary teams where traditional mentoring models may fall short. However, despite the increasing emphasis on mentoring, there is limited consensus on what constitutes effective mentoring programming for ECIs in interdisciplinary contexts. Some programs focus on research and grant development (e.g., NIH K-series career development awards), while others address soft skills like communication and leadership. The objective of this scoping review was to identify mentorship practices and evaluation methods used to support ECIs conducting health-related interdisciplinary clinical and translational research. Eligible articles focused on clinical or translational research contexts for ECIs in the USA, published January 2014–December 2024. A comprehensive search was conducted in several databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. We found 21 records that described mentoring and career development programs focused on skills such as research and networking. Success was often measured through grant publications and peer-reviewed publications. Survey and interview methodologies were often used to gather feedback from program participants and mentors. We discuss implications for future mentoring and career development programs.