Mental health challenges in the Asir region: Assessment of anxiety, depression, and stress in the general population

Mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, and stress are prevalent in the general population, with various socio-demographic factors potentially influencing their prevalence. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale – 21 Items and identify associated risk factors within the general population in Asir, Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study, conducted from April 27, 2025, to September 28, 2025, assessed depression, anxiety, and stress using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale – 21 Items and identified risk factors in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia. Data from 392 participants were collected through an anonymous online survey and analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. The study included 392 participants, with 55.1% females and 44.9% males. The largest age group was 18 to 30 years (27.3%). Most participants were nonsmokers (84.2%), 46.7% were employed, and 52% had graduate-level education. A majority were married (61.5%), and 32.9% earned <5000 Saudi Arabian Riyal per month. In terms of mental health, 36.5% were classified as normal for depression, 21.7% for anxiety, and 55.4% for stress. Depression was more common in single individuals (odds ratio [OR] = 4.999, P  = .011) and those with 3 to 5 children (OR = 2.232, P  = .060). Anxiety was higher in divorced/widowed individuals (OR = 3.828, P  = .016) and the unemployed (OR = 2.033, P  = .017). Stress was more prevalent in single (OR = 6.304, P  = .007) and divorced/widowed individuals (OR = 2.994, P  = .094), and those with 3 to 5 children (OR = 3.417, P  = .030). Females had lower odds of anxiety (OR = 0.543, P  = .021). Age, education, smoking, and income showed limited or nonsignificant associations with mental health outcomes. The study found high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, with unemployment, being single or divorced, and having more children as significant risk factors. These findings highlight the need for targeted mental health interventions, accessible services, stigma reduction, and preventive strategies addressing social and economic influences on mental well-being.