Medicinal Benefits of Aqueous Extract of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus): Effects of Some Biochemical Evaluations, Anti-microbial Properties and Characterization of Three Metallic Nanoparticles

Introduction: Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) is known for its medicinal properties, offering therapeutic potential against various diseases, including cancer. This study investigates the nutritional profile, antinutrient content, minerals, phytochemicals, antioxidants, and antimicrobial properties of C. citratus, alongside the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles from its aqueous extract, to assess its medicinal potential. Method: The leaves of C. citratus were analyzed for proximate composition, antinutrient content, mineral profile, and both qualitative and quantitative phytochemical constituents. Results: The analysis showed high levels of ash, crude fiber, and protein, with low concentrations of antinutrients and moderate amounts of essential minerals. Phytochemical screening identified the presence of bioactive compounds such as saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, which are known for their potent antioxidant properties that could potentially suppress malignancy and other degenerative diseases. The antimicrobial activity indicated that both the aqueous extract and the synthesized metallic nanoparticles exhibited significant activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Spectroscopic characterization through UV-Vis and FTIR techniques revealed chemical structures and molecular components relevant to the medicinal properties. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of C. citratus contains notable medicinal constituents, highlighting its potential for the development of new drugs for the prevention and treatment of cancer and other degenerative diseases. This study underscores the therapeutic value of lemongrass and supports its further exploration in pharmaceutical applications.