Mathematical modeling of modified heat flux effects in Maxwell hybrid nanofluid flow between two rotating disks

Abstract

The applications of nanofluids to improve the performance of thermal behavior have been the focus of significant research in recent years. Scientists have focused in the interaction of magnetic field with hybrid nanoparticles applications. It explores the flow and thermal behavior of an engine oil based Maxwell hybrid nanofluid containing dispersed titanium dioxide (TiO ₂ ) and ferric oxide (Fe ₂ O ₃ ) nanoparticles. The fluid between two rotating disks is analysis while accounts for mixed convection, magnetic field, and quadratic thermal radiation. The work addresses a gap in the understanding of viscoelastic fluid behavior, magnetohydrodynamics influences, and the associated heat transfer processes, offering useful insights for improving energy systems, electronic cooling, and magnetic fluid based technologies. To transform the governing nonlinear partial differential equations into dimensionless coupled ODEs via using von Kármán similarity approach. The resulting ODEs system is solved numerically with shooting technique through with Runge–Kutta method. The investigation evaluates how major parameters affect the system, including the Reynolds number, magnetic field strength, and slip boundary condition, along with their influence on axial and radial velocity distributions and temperature profiles. From the present study, we have concluded that hybrid nanofluid gives us more satisfactory results than unitary nanofluid. The results show that the Maxwell hybrid nanofluid (TiO ₂  + Fe ₂ O ₃ /EO) enhances the heat transfer rate by up to 10.6340 %. As engine oil is commonly used in engineering and industrial applications, this enhancement in thermal transfer can help to achieve a higher thermal management, an enhanced machine performance and to minimize the wasted useful energy. A key contribution of the present analysis lies in developing a Maxwell hybrid nanofluid model for TiO ₂ –Fe ₂ O ₃ / engine oil flow between two coaxial rotating disks, incorporating the coupled effects of nonlinear thermal radiation, Cattaneo–Christov heat flux, mixed convection, heat generation, viscous dissipation, and convective boundary conditions.