DOI: 10.53443/anadoluibfd.1830207 ISSN: 2687-184X

MATERIAL PRODUCTIVITY CONVERGENCE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: INSIGHTS FROM FOUR MATERIAL CATEGORIES

Burcu Yılmaz
Show PDF Cite
This study evaluates the European Union's progress toward sustainable resource use via disaggregated material productivity (MP) indicators. The study employs Phillips and Sul's (2007) club convergence technique to determine if member states have converged to similar levels of productivity. Metal ores, fossil fuels, biomass, and non-metallic minerals are the four material types included in the analysis, which runs from 1993 to 2023. This study is one of the relatively few that uses the club convergence approach to examine MP according to material type. The results demonstrate that no single convergence club exists for all materials: While metal ores constitute a broad common group and biomass and fossil fuels are more fragmented, non-metallic minerals are split into two clubs. The results indicate that differentiated policy sets should be implemented based on material type and club formation.

More from our Archive