Matchgate Benchmarking for Rydberg Atom Quantum Processors

We propose matchgate benchmarking for a Rydberg atom processor. Matchgate benchmarking characterizes a continuously parametrized family of two-qubit gates generated by the XY interaction, and it is both scalable and resistant to state preparation and measurement errors. On the Rydberg platform, the native dipole–dipole interaction between two Rydberg states realizes this XY interaction. We show that the interaction maps to quadratic Majorana operators and therefore generates matchgates, and we describe how the full generalized matchgate set can be realized using the native interaction, single-qubit rotations, and a microwave-driven bit-flip between the two Rydberg states. We implement the protocol in numerical simulations with realistic noise and confirm that it recovers the gate fidelity while remaining resistant to the latter. Our results establish matchgate benchmarking as a practical tool for characterizing Rydberg processors that use the native XY interaction.