Mapping the Public Health Landscape in Greece: Governance, Stakeholders, Data Systems, and Policy Frameworks

Background: Public health in Greece has undergone substantial changes since the COVID-19 pandemic, while challenges related to governance, workforce distribution, regional inequalities and service organization remain. This study aimed to map the current public health landscape in Greece by examining its institutional frameworks, stakeholder roles, policy implementation and public health data systems. Methods: A structured situation analysis combining a review of peer-reviewed and gray literature, policy analysis, and stakeholder mapping was conducted. PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched for English- and Greek-language publications issued between 2005 and 2026, supplemented by reports, legislation, and policy documents from the Greek Ministry of Health, the World Health Organization, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the European Commission, and other relevant institutions. Results: Public health responsibilities were distributed across multiple national, regional, and local institutions, creating challenges concerning coordination and accountability. Regional and socioeconomic inequalities continued to affect access to services, while workforce shortages and skill-mix imbalances constrained public health capacity. Public health information was dispersed across different institutions and data systems, with limitations concerning standardization, accessibility, and interoperability. Recent legislation, prevention programs, and digital-health initiatives indicated increased policy attention to prevention and population health, although publicly available evidence regarding their implementation and outcomes remained limited. Conclusions: Strengthening public health in Greece requires clearer institutional responsibilities, improved coordination across governance levels, sustainable workforce planning and interoperable data systems that support routine monitoring of program coverage, equity, and population-level outcomes.