Magnetic design and systems overview of the centrifugal mirror fusion experiment (CMFX)

The Centrifugal Mirror Fusion Experiment (CMFX) has been constructed at the University of Maryland to advance understanding of the centrifugal magnetic mirror under conditions relevant to fusion energy generation. CMFX is an axisymmetric machine featuring two repurposed 3 T superconducting magnetic resonance imaging magnets positioned at the mirror throats, marking the first implementation of superconducting magnets in a centrifugal mirror device. The system includes a biased central conductor, grounding limiter rings, and insulating buckets that terminate the magnetic flux surfaces. A direct current (DC) power supply with a maximum rating of 100 kV and 100 kW DC applies high voltage to the central conductor, driving E × B rotational drift and enabling discharge durations up to 10 s thus far, with longer pulses likely achievable. Initial experiments demonstrate long-lived, stable plasma discharges. This paper presents the experimental configuration of CMFX, including the magnetic topology, electrode architecture, vacuum vessel design, and high voltage framework. The design methodology for these systems is discussed, with emphasis on the magnetic design and validation approach.