Magnesium Phosphate Composite Hydrogel Dressing Promotes Diabetic Wound Repair Through Anti‐Inflammatory, Antioxidant, Angiogenic, and Metabolic Regulatory Mechanisms

ABSTRACT

Chronic non‐healing diabetic wounds pose a significant clinical challenge, attributed to a pathogenic microenvironment characterized by persistent inflammation, excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species, impaired angiogenesis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Herein, we reported a novel multifunctional hydrogel dressing aimed at promoting diabetic wound healing through the synergistic action of anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, angiogenic, and metabolic regulatory mechanisms. First, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN)‐templated magnesium phosphate nanoparticles (NMP NPs) were synthesized through a biomimetic mineralization strategy. Subsequently, the NMP NPs were incorporated into a double‐network hydrogel that formed by dynamic Schiff base crosslinking and photocuring of methacrylated gelatin and oxidized dextran, resulting in a multifunctional composite hydrogel (NMP/GO) with tissue adhesion properties and multiple biological activities. The NMP/GO hydrogel dressing slowly releases Mg ²⁺ ions and NMN within the diabetic microenvironment, where Mg ²⁺ modulates inflammatory responses and promotes angiogenesis, while NMN restores redox balance and ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction. Owing to this synergistic effect, the NMP/GO hydrogel dressing significantly promotes diabetic wound healing by reducing inflammation, mitigating oxidative stress, restoring mitochondrial function, and enhancing angiogenic potential. Consequently, the NMP/GO hydrogel dressing presents a promising therapeutic strategy for advanced diabetic wound management with high translational potential.