Lumbar Puncture in Saudi Arabia: Evaluating Knowledge, Attitude and Sociodemographic Influences

Background/Objectives: Lumbar puncture (LP) is an essential diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in neurological practice. Despite its clinical value, misconceptions and fear may influence its acceptance among the public. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and misconceptions regarding LP among adults in Saudi Arabia and to examine associated sociodemographic factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2025 and January 2026 using a structured, self-administered online questionnaire adapted from a previously validated instrument. Adults aged ≥18 years residing in Saudi Arabia were recruited via convenience sampling through open social media channels, so the sample is self-selected rather than population-representative. Knowledge and attitude scores were categorized into defined levels, and multivariable regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors. Results: A total of 1267 participants were included. Knowledge of LP was limited (mean 6.1 ± 3.9 of 18), with 905 (71%) scoring poor and only 362 (29%) demonstrating good knowledge; misconceptions about complications such as urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction were common. Attitudes appeared favorable, with 1182 (93%) reaching the pre-specified 50% threshold, but this cut-off is lenient because an entirely neutral respondent scores 60% on a summed five-point scale, and only 692 (55%) agreed they would sign consent if their physician recommended LP. Knowledge and attitude were weakly but significantly related (r = 0.21, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.26; adjusted β = 0.25 per additional correct item, p < 0.001). Higher education, student status, healthcare occupation, and higher income predicted better knowledge, and male sex predicted lower knowledge (all p < 0.05), whereas sociodemographic factors were weakly associated with attitude. Conclusions: Among self-selected online respondents in Saudi Arabia, knowledge of lumbar puncture was limited while attitudes were comparatively favorable, and the two were weakly but positively related. Targeted educational interventions are warranted to address misconceptions, enhance public awareness, and support informed decision-making within the healthcare system.