DOI: 10.1002/alz.71598 ISSN: 1552-5260

Lower cardiac output is a risk factor for faster cerebral atrophy over a 11‐year follow‐up period in APOE‐ ε4 carriers

Elizabeth E. Moore, Panpan Zhang, Omair A. Khan, Dandan Liu, Deepak K. Gupta, Kimberly R. Pechman, Katherine A. Gifford, Bennett A. Landman, Timothy J. Hohman, Angela L. Jefferson

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Subclinical lower cardiac output (volume of blood pumped per minute) cross‐sectionally relates to smaller cerebral gray matter volumes in older adults. This study relates cardiac output to longitudinal gray matter volumes among middle‐aged and older adults over an 11‐year period.

METHODS

Linear regression (cross‐sectional) and mixed effects (longitudinal) models related baseline cardiac output to gray matter volume trajectory, adjusting for demographic factors. Secondary models tested cardiac output × apolipoprotein E ( APOE) ‐ε4 status interactions.

RESULTS

Lower cardiac output related to smaller brain volumes ( p ‐values < 0.04) in APOE ‐ε4 positive participants only. In longitudinal models, baseline cardiac output interacted with APOE ‐ε4 status ( p  = 0.006). Lower baseline cardiac output related to greater increase in inferior lateral ventricle volume over time in APOE ‐ε4 carriers ( p  = 0.01) only.

DISCUSSION

Results suggest among APOE ‐ε4 carriers, subclinical cardiac dysfunction relates to greater neurodegeneration cross‐sectionally and longitudinally. However, results must be interpreted with caution and replicated.

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