Low-Carbon Optimal Scheduling of High-Altitude Construction-Park Integrated Energy System Considering Truck–Grid Interaction

As green power systems continue to develop, an increasing number of power generation and energy storage facilities are being constructed in high-altitude regions. However, existing microgrid-based energy supply architectures in high-altitude construction parks face low energy utilization efficiency, high carbon emissions, and inadequate accounting for market-related costs. To address these issues, this study proposes a low-carbon optimal dispatch method incorporating truck–grid interaction for a high-altitude construction-park integrated energy system (HACP-IES). First, a coupled waste heat recovery–organic Rankine cycle–power-to-gas (WHR–ORC–P2G) model and a multi-state transition model for construction electric heavy-duty trucks (CEHTs) are developed to enable the cascade utilization of waste heat and coordinated operation of mobile energy storage. Second, a dynamic green certificate–carbon trading interaction mechanism and multi-energy demand response are introduced to exploit flexibility through market incentives and demand-side adjustments, while wind and photovoltaic forecast uncertainties are addressed using chance constraints under a normal distribution assumption. Finally, a multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming model is formulated and solved, with normalized linear weighting used to balance operating cost and actual carbon emissions. Comparative analyses across multiple scenarios show that, with all coordinated resources participating, the proposed method reduces operating cost and carbon emissions by 78.02% and 32.22%, respectively, relative to the benchmark, thereby improving both the economic and low-carbon performance of the park’s energy system.