Low-Carbon Economic Dispatch of Integrated Energy Systems Considering Carbon–Energy Trading and IGA-Assisted Compromise Weight Selection

Coordinating energy transactions with carbon allowance management is difficult in a multi-energy-coupled integrated energy system (IES) because seasonal carbon information and hourly operation are handled on different timescales. This study develops a multi-timescale low-carbon economic dispatch framework that integrates carbon–energy trading, low-carbon demand response, seasonal carbon-pressure signals, and preference-weight selection. The case study is a park-level electricity–heat–gas–cooling IES comprising two renewable generation technologies, five conversion technologies, five storage technologies, four end-use load types, and external electricity and gas interfaces. Four 24 h profiles—one for each season—are combined into a 96 h representative horizon. Historical renewable-output and load data are used to derive seasonal carbon-pressure signals, which are embedded in electricity, heat, and gas prices. Cooling demand is treated separately through a fuzzy thermal-comfort response. An outer IGA searches the economic preference weight, while CPLEX solves the hourly dispatch problem for each candidate. The selected economic and carbon-emission weights are 0.62 and 0.38, respectively. Compared with the conventional scenario, the complete framework reduces carbon emissions from 1052.92 t to 970.24 t and operating cost from CNY 1,103,420.84 to CNY 900,485.52, corresponding to reductions of 7.85% and 18.39%. In practical terms, the framework converts seasonal carbon-management information into hourly decisions without relaxing explicit comfort limits. The reported gains apply to the modeled 96 h representative horizon and should not be interpreted as annual performance.