Local immunoinflammatory profiles following treatment in primary and permanent dentitions in molar‐incisor pattern periodontitis: One‐year follow‐up
Luciana S. Branco‐de‐Almeida, Judy Anjary, Hong Huang, Manuela Maria Viana Miguel, Peter Harrison, Ikramuddin Aukhil, Luciana M. ShaddoxAbstract
Background
The aim of this study is to evaluate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of inflammatory markers in both primary and permanent dentitions affected with grade C molar‐incisor pattern periodontitis (C‐MIP) before and after periodontal therapy.
Methods
Patients from an African American cohort (both sexes; aged 5‐21 years) diagnosed with C‐MIP in the primary ( n = 26) or permanent ( n = 44) dentitions were included. After periodontal evaluations, patients received non‐surgical periodontal treatment (mechanical debridement with cavitron and hand scaling as needed and 1 week of systemic amoxicillin/metronidazole regimen with dosage modifications for patients weighing under 40 kg). GCF samples were collected from both healthy and diseased sites at baseline, and at 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐months post‐therapy, during periodontal maintenance. Levels of 14 cytokines/chemokines were analyzed using multiplex. GCF levels between primary and permanent dentitions and among timepoints were evaluated along with clinical parameters (e.g., probing depth [PD], clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing [BoP], and plaque [PI]).
Results
Overall, clinical parameters were improved following treatment in both dentitions up to 12 months. Several cytokines/chemokines were higher in the diseased sites compared with the healthy sites at baseline in both dentitions ( p < 0.05). Following treatment, eotaxin reduced in both dentitions in diseased sites ( p < 0.05), while other markers were specifically reduced in the permanent (granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor [GM‐CSF], interleukin [IL]‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐12p40, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha [TNF‐α]) dentition. However, some markers, such as eotaxin, IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐12p40, MIP‐1α and TNF‐α although reduced by 3‐, 6‐months, showed a tendency of rebound by 6 and 12 months, especially in permanent dentition. Eotaxin and MCP‐1 were higher in diseased sites at baseline in the permanent dentition while GM‐CSF and interferon‐gamma [IFN‐γ] in the primary one ( p < 0.05). Several cytokines/chemokines were correlated with clinical parameter reductions, and profile analysis showed differences between dentitions up to 6 months.
Conclusion
Non‐surgical therapy combined with systemic antibiotics improved clinical (e.g., PD, CAL, and number of affected sites) outcomes with reductions in pro‐inflammatory cytokine/chemokine levels in both primary and permanent dentitions of patients with C‐MIP in the long term, with some specific differences observed between the dentitions (NCT01330719).