LOA-Net: Lightweight Orientation-Aware Network for Road Extraction from Remote Sensing Imagery

Accurate extraction of road networks from high-resolution remote sensing imagery is a fundamental task underpinning autonomous-driving navigation, urban spatial planning, and the dynamic updating of geographic information databases. Although existing road extraction methods attain outstanding pixel-level segmentation accuracy and topological integrity, most follow an accuracy-first design paradigm that relies on heavyweight backbones and increasingly complex decoders, incurring a parameter volume and storage overhead that constitute the principal bottleneck for deploying them on resource-constrained edge platforms such as unmanned aerial vehicles, mobile terminals, and onboard satellite processors. Conversely, models that pursue extreme lightweighting often fail to preserve the thin, continuous, linear structure of roads, tending to produce topological breaks in the extracted road networks. To bridge the performance gap between segmentation accuracy and model size, we propose LOA-Net, a lightweight orientation-aware road extraction network. LOA-Net introduces a Road-Aligned Deformable Convolution (RA-DCN) that adaptively aligns the sampling region with the road geometry and explicitly supervises the predicted road orientation, thereby accurately capturing road connectivity while substantially reducing the parameter count. Experiments on the CHN6-CUG and DeepGlobe benchmarks show that LOA-Net surpasses representative state-of-the-art methods on both IoU and F1, while achieving the lowest parameter count of all compared models and a computational complexity comparable to its peers, striking an excellent trade-off between segmentation performance and a mobile-friendly footprint that makes it well suited for road extraction from remote sensing imagery in resource-constrained scenarios.