Life, Challenges, and Expectations for Dignified Ageing among Older Adults Living Alone in Rural Central India: A Qualitative Study
Jaiprakash Vitthalrao More, Yogeshsinghraje Yedage, Arjunkumar JakasaniaAbstract
Background:
Demographic shift is happening in India, with the older adults population projected to reach 347 million in 2050. In Maharashtra, particularly in the Vidarbha region, youth migration has led to an increasing number of older adults living alone, often without classical familial support. Even though large epidemiological data are available, limited evidence is available on the lived experiences of this vulnerable cohort.
Methods:
A qualitative study with purposive sampling of 40 participants aged above 60 years was conducted. Participants were chosen from the five primary health centers under the field practice area of the medical college in rural Central India. Following initial discomfort with focus group discussions, the methodology was adapted to exclusively employ interviews to enhance data sensitivity and depth. Data collection continued until thematic saturation was achieved. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and translated using inductive thematic analysis. Coding was done by two independent researchers, and a consensus was built after multiple discussions.
Results:
Three overarching themes emerged: (1) daily living challenges, highlighting physical dependency, nutritional neglect, and severe financial anxiety; (2) coping strategies, including stoic acceptance, spirituality, and the acquisition of new survival skills (e.g., cooking for men); and (3) expectations of social support, where participants expressed a deep craving for emotional connection over material aid and highlighted the unreliability of existing pension schemes.
Conclusion:
Health decline, financial insecurity, and isolation are the triple burden of older adult individuals living alone in rural Vidarbha. Some practices, such as spirituality, provide emotional solace, although it is not sustainable solutions such as integrated community-based geriatric care. Strengthening primary health care with specialized geriatric services and ensuring the reliability of social security are vital for achieving dignified aging.