Lessons from a modern meta-analysis

Abstract

This chapter provides a reflective exploration of conducting a meta-analysis by revisiting

. looked at the effectiveness of note taking through exposure to L2 input, improving on an earlier study conducted by . The study retrieved 55 effect sizes from 27 studies to examine how various factors (e.g., time, note-taking treatment type, proficiency) moderate the effect of note taking. It utilized a multivariate multilevel meta-analysis (3M) approach to account for dependencies across studies while incorporating three methodological confounds. This chapter details the methodological dilemmas we anticipated and those we encountered, the alternative approaches we considered, and the resolutions we adopted. We also emphasize our commitment to open science by sharing reproducible code and data. By summarizing the lessons learned from managing these methodological challenges, this chapter aims to provide practical guidance for researchers seeking more transparent, rigorous, and reproducible meta-analyse, and foster discussions on improving research methodologies in the field of second language acquisition.