Legal protection of animal rights and welfare: A comparative analysis of French law and Shia Muslim law

Nowadays, natural terrestrial ecosystems have been profoundly altered by human activity. Many animal species are threatened with extinction, while the survival and health of humanity depend on a healthy environment and preserved biodiversity. Animal welfare, the legal protection of animals and the conservation of species are attracting the attention of governments, organizations and environmental defenders around the world. This study, using a descriptive-analytical method, aims to compare the approach of French law and Shiite Muslim law to the protection of animal rights and their welfare. It highlights the similarities and differences between these two legal systems regarding the preservation of animal welfare, by analysing the legal texts and ethical principles that guide their respective approaches. In France, the legal status of animals has evolved from "movable property" to "living beings endowed with sensitivity". Many provisions now aim to protect him against ill-treatment. Islam also places significant importance on environmental protection and animal welfare. Islamic legal sources contain specific prescriptions on the treatment of animals, which Muslims must respect. The responsibility for this protection lies not only with the owners, but also with the State, insofar as it is in the public interest and the preservation of public order.