DOI: 10.3390/app16136479 ISSN: 2076-3417

Large Language Models as Explainable AI Ensemble Aggregators for Business Review Sentiment Analysis: A Comparative Study with Classical Ensembles

Konstantinos I. Roumeliotis, Dionisis Margaris, Dimitris Spiliotopoulos, Costas Vassilakis

Online business reviews encode rich customer sentiment that is critical for commercial decision making, yet accurately predicting star ratings from free text remains a challenging five-class classification problem. Classical ensemble methods—Soft Voting, Weighted Voting, and Stacking—aggregate complementary base-model outputs to improve predictive performance, but they produce opaque decisions that are unintelligible to business stakeholders. This paper proposes using a large language model (LLM), specifically unsloth/LLaMA-3.3-70B-Instruct, as an Explainable AI (XAI) ensemble aggregator: the LLM receives the predictions and confidence scores of four heterogeneous base models (Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, Naïve Bayes, and BERT-base-uncased) and reasons over them to produce both a final star-rating prediction and a natural-language explanation. We evaluate the full pipeline on 10,000-sample balanced and natural-distribution test sets derived from the Yelp Academic Dataset, with additional cross-lingual validation on Spanish Amazon Reviews. The LLM aggregator (LLAMA_AGG) achieves the highest macro-F1 on both pipelines (0.6800 on balanced; 0.6720 on natural) and the best ordinal calibration (QWK = 0.9111 on balanced; 0.9337 on natural), outperforming all classical aggregators and base models. A detailed Explainable AI analysis reveals that the LLM revises 28.07% of its standalone predictions after observing the ensemble outputs, improving the accuracy by +22.2 percentage points on the revised cases. The aggregator corrects severe polar bias in the standalone LLM (±0.35 recall improvement on mid-range star classes) and produces longer explanations when evidence is conflicted—a quantitative signal of deliberative reasoning. A formal human evaluation with two judges confirms high explanation faithfulness (4.47/5) and readability (4.82/5). Model scale ablation shows an 8B parameter variant achieves 90.8% agreement with the 70B model, enabling practical deployment. These findings demonstrate that Explainable AI can be achieved through LLM-based ensemble aggregation, establishing a principled approach for business-review sentiment analysis.

More from our Archive