Labour Market Outcomes of International vs. Domestic Pharmacy Graduates: Evidence From Ontario, Canada

International Pharmacy Graduates (IPGs) comprise over half of Ontario’s pharmacist workforce, yet Canadian evidence on their labour market integration is limited. Using Ontario College of Pharmacists registry data on 17,033 Part A pharmacists licensed as of March 2025, we compared employment sectors, community pharmacy formats, and owner-operator rates between IPGs and Domestic Pharmacy Graduates (DPGs). Owner-operator rates were highest among Egyptian-trained pharmacists (41%); all IPG groups exceeded Ontario-trained (11%). Recent licensees worked in corporate community pharmacies. IPGs from Egypt, India/Pakistan/Bangladesh, the Middle East, and Rest of World were 59% to 77% multilingual vs. 24% of Ontario-trained. Ontario’s pharmacy workforce is segmented by training origin; DPGs dominate hospital pharmacy while IPGs concentrate in community pharmacy. The multilingual IPG workforce serving ethnically diverse catchments suggests current immigration policy is delivering an integration pathway that may expand language-concordant access.