Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Toward Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Among Healthcare Professionals in Iraq: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Pharmacovigilance is critical for approving medication safety; yet, underreporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) remains common. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of healthcare professionals in Karbala and Babylon, Iraq, using a structured paper-based questionnaire. Materials and Methods: This study utilized healthcare professionals in Holy Karbala and Babylon to explore their demographic profiles, pharmacovigilance knowledge, attitudes, and reporting practices. Results: Among 194 participants, most demonstrated positive attitudes toward ADR reporting, but notable gaps in knowledge and reporting behavior were observed. Pharmacists showed significantly higher knowledge levels than other professions, and formal training was strongly associated with improved understanding and a greater willingness to report. Major barriers included insufficient training, a lack of reporting systems, and limited institutional feedback. Participants emphasized the need for educational programs and better integration of reporting tools. Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of strengthening training and system support to enhance pharmacovigilance practices.