DOI: 10.3390/e28101078 ISSN: 1099-4300

Joint Trust-Aware Topology Adaptation and Resource-Constrained Patching for Malware Containment in the Social Internet of Things

Xuejin Zhu, Shenyang Li

Social Internet of Things (SIoT) relationships enable service discovery and create pathways for malware propagation. We develop a heterogeneous susceptible–exposed–infected–recovered model coupling resource-constrained patching with reversible, trust-aware relationship suppression. A controlled next-generation operator yields a reproduction threshold, local stability, spectral monotonicity, and a uniform eradication condition. A finite-horizon security–service objective and its necessary conditions motivate joint adaptive topology and patching (JATP), a feasible sampled-data feedback heuristic combining prevalence, structural influence, trust evidence, and service importance. Under reference capacities, JATP reduces peak infection and cumulative burden by 49.43% and 38.97% relative to risk-only patching while retaining 0.8184 of weighted relationship intensity. Under a common expenditure ceiling, its objective is 59.56% above the best feasible offline nonlinear-programming value found. Explicit-network tests support aggregation under moderate heterogeneity and identify larger prediction errors under strong degree variation and susceptible-entry churn. Trust-related gains depend on alignment with model-defined propagation risk; field calibration remains open. These results characterize the operating scope of a feedback policy that coordinates two defense channels under hard resource limits. The framework links epidemic thresholds, intervention allocation, and service preservation to support the design of resource-limited SIoT containment.