Jarvis: Zero-code Prototyping of IoT Applications with Composable Hardware-Software Abstractions

The Internet of Things (IoT) has become an integral part of daily life, enabling seamless interaction between humans and the physical world. However, prototyping IoT applications remains an arduous task, requiring expertise in both hardware and software development. Current low-code and zero-code development approaches fail to address the tight coupling between hardware and software as well as the performance of the generated application, limiting their applicability. We introduce Jarvis, a zero-code prototyping framework for IoT applications that leverages composable hardware-software abstractions. By abstracting physical constraints and introducing a parameter-free self-reflection generation mechanism, Jarvis enables large language models to understand and address the coupling constraints in IoT development with minimized token cost and hallucination. Jarvis also considers the cost and energy efficiency of the resulting IoT prototype, optimizing the performance of the generated solutions. Evaluations demonstrate that Jarvis outperforms state-of-the-art methods, reducing hardware costs by 23.1%–75.5%, saving power consumption by 18.7%–95.2%, and lowering token usage for prototyping by 32.1%–86.2%.