Jadidism and the Transformation of Islamic Education among the Adyghe People of the Kuban Region in the Early 20th Century

The author examines the dynamics of Muslim education among the Adyghe people of the Kuban region in the 19th and early 20th centuries in the context of Russia's confessional policy. The author analyzes the coexistence of two main educational models: state educational institutions created by the Russian government, aimed at forming a loyal elite, and traditional madrassas at mosques, where teaching methods remained unchanged. The author analyzes how, against the backdrop of stagnation of traditional madrassas, Jadidism became a driving force for the modernization of Muslim education. It was thanks to the educational ideas of Jadidism that the Adyghe intelligentsia initiated the creation of new-method schools offering a wider range of disciplines and innovative approaches to education, which contributed to the development of national identity. The fact that these schools were founded by Adyghe repatriates from the Ottoman Empire gives this process a local peculiarity. The article pays particular attention to the reaction of the Russian Empire to pan-Islamic and pan-Turkic influence, expressed in the work of the Special Conference chaired by P. A. Stolypin in 1910, which resulted in the closure of new-method schools.