Jadid Education as an Integration Model for the Development of the Tatars in the Russian Empire in the Late 19th — Early 20th Centuries

This article examines the formation and development of Jadid education in Tatar maktabs and madrasas of the Russian Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It outlines the prerequisites for the Jadid reforms, the role of Tatar entrepreneurship, and the influence of enlightenment ideas as well as various laws and regulatory acts. The interaction between the state and society in the development of this educational system, the role of Russian-language classes and Russian-Tatar schools, and the integrative potential of Jadid madrasas are emphasized. The authors highlight the significance of Jadid education as a tool for integrating students of such schools into the sociocultural sphere of the Russian Empire.