“It Would be Very Deplorable if the Russian Authorities Turned for Help in the Enlightenment of the Natives of the Turkestan Region... to Such Tatars as Gasprinsky”: The Views of Ismail Gasprinsky, N. P. Ostroumov, and V. P. Nalivkin on the Creation

The article examines the activities of the outstanding educator Ismail Gasprinsky regarding the reform of Muslim education in Turkestan at the end of the 19th century. The author analyzes the ideology of Jadidism and the “new method” of teaching aimed at integrating Muslims into modern society while preserving their cultural identity. Particular attention is paid to the intellectual confrontation between Ismail Gasprinsky and influential representatives of the Russian administration of the Turkestan region — N. P. Ostroumov and V. P. Nalivkin. Through the publication of archival documents, including official reviews of Ismail Gasprinsky’s “Note”, the deep contradictions between imperial conservatism and reformist initiatives are revealed. Unique materials are introduced into scientific circulation, illustrating the complexity of modernization processes on the outskirts of the Russian Empire.