Intraoperative Encounter of Double Inferior Vena Cava during Laparoscopic Left Donor Nephrectomy

Duplication of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare congenital vascular anomaly with a reported incidence of 0.1%–3.5%. It is usually asymptomatic and often detected incidentally on imaging or during surgery. We report the case of a 48-year-old female donor undergoing laparoscopic left donor nephrectomy in whom a duplicated IVC was unexpectedly encountered intraoperatively. Preoperative computed tomography angiography failed to identify the anomaly, resulting in significant intraoperative technical challenges due to an extremely short left renal vein. Prompt recognition and careful surgical modification allowed successful donor nephrectomy and transplantation without vascular complications. This case highlights the importance of meticulous preoperative vascular assessment and intraoperative vigilance for rare venous anomalies during donor nephrectomy.