Interventions for Visual Field Loss After Acquired Brain Injury: A Systematic Review

Acquired brain injury (ABI) frequently results in visual field loss, a disabling condition that negatively affects visual exploration, reading, mobility, activities of daily living, and quality of life. This systematic review aimed to synthesise current evidence on the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions for visual field loss following ABI. The review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines and prospectively registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD420261359820). Four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest) were searched for studies published between January 2015 and May 2026. Twenty-eight studies met the eligibility criteria, including randomised controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, and case series. Interventions were classified as compensatory, substitutive, or restorative, the latter including neuromodulation techniques. Compensatory interventions provided the most consistent evidence of benefit, improving visual exploration, reading, mobility, activities of daily living, and vision-related quality of life. Restorative interventions produced more variable findings, with some studies reporting improvements in visual field sensitivity and stimulus detection, whereas evidence for substitutive approaches was limited because few eligible studies were identified. Overall, functional improvements were reported more consistently than objective visual field expansion. Current evidence supports visual rehabilitation as an important component of ABI management, although further high-quality research using standardised protocols and outcome measures is needed to establish the most effective interventions for different patient populations.