Interfacial Engineering of MXene‐Assisted Advanced Coaxial Nanofibers for High‐Performance Energy Harvesters

ABSTRACT

Multiferroic magnetoelectric composites are a class of materials that exhibit the magnetoelectric effect, providing a sustainable alternative to batteries for Internet of Things and ‘set‐and‐forget’ electronics. In this study, hybrid coaxial nanofiber composites are engineered via electrospinning to achieve synergistic, multifunctional ME properties. The optimized coaxial nanofiber composite CMSP, comprising a core of PVDF‐MXene‐MnFe ₂ O ₄ and a shell of AlN‐(PVDF‐TrFE), exhibits high β‐phase fraction (∼96%), delivering a piezoelectric coefficient of 42.6 pC N ⁻¹ alongside a ME coefficient of 122 mV cm ⁻¹ Oe ⁻¹ . Subsequent UV‐assisted interfacial modulation of system (CMSPUV) further enhances dipolar alignment and interfacial coupling, yielding an improved piezoelectric response of 53.2 pC N ⁻¹ and an elevated ME coefficient of 154 mV cm ⁻¹ Oe ⁻¹ . The CMSPUV‐based magneto‐mechano‐electric (MME) generator demonstrates an open‐circuit voltage of 24.5 V, a current output of 6.85 µA, and volumetric DC power density of 7.5 µW cm ⁻³ under low‐intensity magnetic excitation (6 Oe, 50 Hz), enabling direct powering of 16 LEDs signboard from ambient electromagnetic noise sources. When operated in mechanical energy‐harvesting mode, the same platform delivers a high output of 113.6 V and 37.8 µA, with power density of 560 µW cm ⁻² , sufficient to operate a humidity sensor and illuminate LEDs under gentle mechanical stimuli.