Interface-Engineered Biodegradable Nanofibrous Patch Integrating Electromechanical Sensing and Wound Healing

Abstract

Flexible wound dressings that integrate mechanical compliance, sensing capability, and biological functionality remain difficult to realize without compromising structural stability or signal reliability. This work reports an interface-engineered biodegradable nanofibrous wound patch based on a carbon nanotube/silver nanoparticle (CNT/Ag) dual conductive network that integrates mechanical compliance, electromechanical and thermal sensing, and biological regulation within a single flexible platform. The highly elastic poly(CL-co-TOSUO) (PCT) matrix maintains continuous network integrity. Concurrently, the dual conductive architecture helps alleviate the sensitivity-stretchability trade-off, enabling stable sensing over a broad deformation range. Polydopamine-mediated interface engineering and collagen incorporation enable antibacterial activity, enhanced hemostasis, and cell-interactive functionality without compromising stretchability. The patch exhibits reproducible resistance responses under large strain, dynamic loading, cyclic deformation, and wound-relevant temperature variations. In vitro studies demonstrate effective suppression of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, accelerated blood coagulation, and favorable fibroblast behavior. In a rat full-thickness skin wound model, the interface-engineered scaffold shows time-dependent improvements in wound closure and tissue regeneration. This work establishes an interface-driven materials strategy for biodegradable bioelectronic wound dressings operating under dynamic mechanical environments.