Integrating Structure‐Dominated Shielding and Material‐Dominated Absorption: A Highly Anisotropic Fabric for Adaptive EMI Protection

ABSTRACT

Flexible textile platforms with tunable electromagnetic interference (EMI) attenuation capabilities hold considerable promise for scenarios with controlled polarization or field direction. Herein, a highly anisotropic plain‐weave fabric is reported, in which conductive nanofiber‐covered core‐spun weft yarns prepared via conjugate electrospinning and subsequent surface functionalization are orthogonally interlaced with insulating cotton warp yarns. By introducing a pronounced conductivity contrast between the warp and weft directions, the polarization‐dependent electromagnetic response of an anisotropic conductive network is engineered into a textile‐compatible platform. Through simple in‐plane rotation, the EMI shielding effectiveness can be reversibly tuned from approximately 0.7 dB when the incident electric field is aligned with the insulating warp yarns to 41.5 dB when it is parallel to the conductive weft yarns. Meanwhile, multiscale heterogeneous interfaces within the conductive weft yarns promote interfacial polarization, conductive loss, and multiple scattering, enabling a minimum reflection loss of −51.58 dB, an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.2 GHz covering the X‐band, and a radar cross‐section reduction of 20.5 dB m ² . This strategy combines the tunable EMI response enabled by anisotropic textile architecture with microwave absorption induced by multiscale interfaces, providing a feasible pathway toward lightweight, flexible, breathable, and multifunctional electromagnetic regulation textiles for polarization‐ or direction‐controlled applications.