Integrating Smart and Biophilic Urban Planning for Climate Resilience: An Analysis of Global Case Studies

This study addresses the urban resilience problems brought about by the climate crisis through a holistic perspective by examining smart city technologies and biophilic design approaches. By analyzing the practices of pioneer cities on a global scale-such as the Singapore, Portland, Berlin, Toronto, and Konya-the contributions of ecological continuity, nature-based solutions, and digital infrastructure integration to urban resilience are comparatively evaluated. The research reveals that smart city technologies (IoT sensors, digital twins, and AI-supported analytical tools) and biophilic design principles (natural analogues, green corridors, and spatial diversity) offer complementary and innovative models. When the potentials and current planning processes of cities in Türkiye are assessed, it is observed that applications generally remain at the level of individual projects. Accordingly, the study develops comprehensive policy recommendations that transcend the individual scale, blend green infrastructure with digital systems, and prioritize social participation so that Türkiye can build climate-friendly and resilient cities.