Integrating Artificial Intelligence Literacy into Mathematics Teacher Education: an Integrative Conceptual Framework for AI-Supported Classroom Practice

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming mathematics education and creating new opportunities for enhancing teaching and learning. However, effective AI integration depends on teachers’ ability to use AI critically, ethically, and pedagogically. This conceptual paper examines the integration of AI literacy and AI tools into mathematics teacher education and classroom practice and proposes an integrative framework for preparing future-ready mathematics teachers. Drawing on a comprehensive review of contemporary literature, the paper explores the concept and dimensions of AI literacy, the pedagogical applications of AI tools, and the theoretical foundations underpinning AI integration. The proposed framework synthesizes the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework, the UNESCO AI Competency Framework for Teachers, Self-Determination Theory, and Diffusion of Innovations Theory, positioning AI literacy as the central competency linking mathematics teacher education, AI-supported classroom practice, and improved learning outcomes. The paper argues that AI technologies can enhance mathematics education only when teachers possess the knowledge, ethical awareness, and pedagogical competence required for their responsible use. It further highlights implications for teacher education, professional development, educational policy, and future research, while emphasizing the need to embed AI literacy within mathematics teacher education to support effective and responsible AI integration.