Integrated Simulation and Resiliency Assessment of Hybrid Energy Systems

Hybrid renewable energy systems require coordinated modelling of electricity, thermal energy, hydrogen, storage, and dispatchable generation to evaluate performance under changing supply, demand, and disturbance conditions. This paper presents the Resilient Hybrid Energy System Simulator (RHES), an integrated framework for chronological carrier balancing, storage-state tracking, resilience metrics, and multi-criteria design evaluation. Electricity, hydrogen, and thermal energy are represented as distinct carriers and are coupled through electrolyzers, hydrogen storage, fuel cells, heat recovery, hydrogen-to-heat, and power-to-heat devices. The formulation explicitly closes cross-carrier inputs and outputs, defines battery state-of-charge and power constraints, and specifies a dispatch order for battery, hydrogen, and grid support. Published Utsira, Northern Italy, Salaspils, and UK district-heating systems are used as source-based engineering benchmarks. Where complete synchronized measured time series are unavailable for this study, results are identified as screening or illustrative rather than as field validation. Sensitivity checks quantify the effect of selected resource, conversion-efficiency, demand-reconstruction, fuel-price, and objective-weight assumptions. The resulting framework provides a reproducible basis for multi-energy planning while keeping measured evidence, derived calculations, illustrative assumptions, and future validation work clearly separated.