Institutionalization of mentoring in rescue services of foreign countries and directions for its adaptation within the EMERCOM of Russia system

The article examines mentoring in emergency and fire-rescue services as an institutional mechanism of controlled admission to independent work in high-risk conditions. The purpose of the study is to identify foreign organisational and pedagogical mentoring practices that are most applicable to the development of professional training and probation in the EMERCOM of Russia. The research is based on comparative legal and comparative pedagogical analysis of regulatory, organisational and methodological materials from the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Sweden, Singapore and Japan, as well as on a scoring assessment of implementation priorities. The study shows that in foreign systems mentoring is not limited to experience transfer, but is connected with competence frameworks, observable performance assessment, documentation of results, intermediate control, independent final assessment and further professional development. The highest priority for the EMERCOM of Russia is given to task books, daily shift assessment, mentor training, digital training records, standardised observation checklists, modular skill validation, intermediate assessment milestones, transparent readiness criteria and feedback from trainees. The article concludes that foreign experience should be adapted not through direct copying, but through targeted strengthening of evidence-based, competence-oriented and assessment components within the existing Russian mentoring framework.