Innovative remediation technologies for brownfields

Brownfield sites remain a major environmental and urban development challenge due to persistent contamination, associated public health risks, and the economic constraints they impose on land reuse and regeneration. The remediation of these contaminated sites has therefore become increasingly important for supporting sustainable urban development, protecting environmental quality, and enabling the productive reuse of underutilised land. This chapter critically examines contemporary and emerging remediation technologies used in brownfield redevelopment, with particular emphasis on their effectiveness, sustainability, and role in environmental risk reduction. The chapter explores the scientific principles, operational mechanisms, advantages, and limitations of key remediation approaches, including bioremediation and in-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO), supported by real-world case studies that demonstrate their practical application within complex contamination scenarios. In addition, emerging technologies such as phytoremediation, electrokinetic remediation, nanoremediation, and AI-driven remediation planning are examined as innovative solutions capable of improving remediation efficiency, reducing environmental disturbance, and supporting adaptive risk management. Beyond technical remediation processes, the chapter highlights the growing importance of sustainability, risk governance, regulatory compliance, and community engagement in achieving successful brownfield regeneration outcomes. Particular attention is given to the integration of digital technologies and Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) in contamination assessment, predictive modelling, and remediation decision-making. The chapter argues that innovative remediation technologies play a critical role in reducing environmental, health, economic, and long-term redevelopment risks while supporting resilient and sustainable urban transformation. Through the integration of advanced remediation technologies, risk-based planning, and inclusive redevelopment strategies, brownfield regeneration can transform contaminated land from environmental liabilities into valuable assets for future urban development.