Inland Fisheries Development in Chhattisgarh, India: A Review of Trends, Performance, Growth and Management

This study investigates inland fisheries resources, fish production potential, water availability, reservoir management and leasing, fish and seed production and stocking, and fisheries development in Chhattisgarh, India. Secondary data was collected on water body distribution, management practices, fish and seed production, and stocking to assess trends and sector performance. Primary data on fisheries’ development achievements in 2023–24 was gathered through focus group discussions with Department of Fisheries officials. The findings revealed that Chhattisgarh has 2.027 lakh hectares of water for fish culture, with 97.5% currently utilized. The estimated fish production potential is approximately 480.56 metric tonnes, mainly from tanks and ponds (98.17%). Small ponds (0.4—1 ha) were the most prevalent but contribute only 18% of the total area, whereas larger reservoirs (>1000 ha) account for 24%. Reservoir management varies by size, with Panchayati Raj Institutions overseeing 1,730 smaller reservoirs (1-200 ha) covering 32,747.33 ha, the Department of Fisheries managing 27 medium-sized reservoirs (201-1000 ha) spanning 10,839.92 ha, and the Fisheries Federation administering 13 large reservoirs (>1001 ha) covering 39,035.75 ha. Lease amounts differ based on reservoir size and type (seasonal or perennial). Fish production grew significantly from 120.07 thousand tonnes in 2004–05 to 730.22 thousand tonnes in 2023–24, with an 18.6% growth rate, surpassing estimated potential. This increase is due to the adoption of composite carp culture, species diversification, mono-sex tilapia, and cage culture technology. Fish seed production also rose from 457.48 million fry in 2004–05 to 4180.70 million fry in 2023–24, showing a 25.7% growth rate with notable private sector contribution. However, a gap between seed production and stocking suggests challenges in local stocking or increased exports. In 2023–24, significant investments under the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana and State Plan contributed to fisheries development. Key achievements included constructing new ponds, installing cages in reservoirs, establishing hatcheries, and providing insurance to fishers, although gaps in insurance coverage and distribution of pond liners were noted. This study highlights the growing significance of fisheries in Chhattisgarh, driven by culture-based practices, technological advancements, and strategic investments. Enhanced stocking practices and resource management are recommended to improve fisheries productivity and sustainability.