DOI: 10.65520/erciyesfen.1941838 ISSN: 1012-2354

Influence of Surface-Grown Carbon Nanotubes on the Interfacial Behavior of Para-aramid Fabrics under Successive Pull-Out Loading

Erman Bilişik, Havva Esra Bakbak, Mahmut Korkmaz, Kadir Bilisik
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This study investigates the effect of in situ grown carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the interfacial mechanical behavior of para-aramid fabrics under successive yarn pull-out loading. CNT-functionalized (gCPO) and pristine (KPO) fabrics were comparatively examined using single- and multi-yarn (two- and three-end) pull-out configurations to evaluate frictional interactions, load transfer efficiency, in-plane shear response, and energy dissipation mechanisms. Force–displacement data were analyzed to determine maximum pull-out force, initial interlacement rupture resistance, and stick–slip characteristics, while intra-yarn shear strength and pull-out energy components were quantified to provide a comprehensive assessment of interfacial performance. The results indicate that CNT growth significantly enhances friction-controlled mechanical responses. In single-yarn configurations, pull-out force increased nearly threefold, and intra-yarn shear strength improved by over 200% compared to pristine fabrics. Similar enhancements were observed in two-yarn systems, reflecting improved load transfer at yarn crossover regions. However, in three-yarn configurations, a transition in the dominant failure mechanism was observed, where the advantages of enhanced interfacial friction were partially offset by increased stress concentration and thermally induced reductions in filament integrity. Stick–slip analysis revealed that CNT incorporation increases the frequency of micro-scale frictional interactions while reducing force fluctuation amplitudes, resulting in a more stable energy dissipation process. Energy-based evaluations further showed that stick–slip friction is the primary contributor to total pull-out energy. Overall, CNT-induced nanoscale surface modification improves interfacial friction, rupture resistance, shear strength, and energy dissipation behavior for possible advanced soft protective applications.

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