Influence of Electropolishing Electrolytes and Post-Processing Cleaning on the In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Cobalt–Chromium and Titanium Alloys

Abstract

Surface treatment of metallic medical implants is crucial for their performance, longevity and interaction with surrounding biological tissues, as it governs the material’s surface properties. Modifications to process parameters may alter these characteristics and therefore require careful reassessment of biocompatibility to ensure that no adverse biological effects are introduced. In this study, we report the evaluation of cobalt-chromium and titanium samples following a two-step surface treatment consisting of grinding and electropolishing using different electrolytes. AISI 316L stainless steel and copper were used as negative or positive controls respectively. The approach provides a standardsbased methodology for evaluating whether standard cleaning procedures are sufficient to ensure a clinically safe material surface.