Incomplete Transition to HIV Care Among Migrants in Poland
M Rosinska, K Wróbel, M Niedźwiedzka-Statnik, A Tymicka, M Gańczak, A Kosowicz, J D Kowalska, B Szetela, A SmagaAbstract
Introduction
Migration requires transitioning from the healthcare system of the country of origin to that of the destination country. This may pose particular challenges for individuals experiencing forced migration and those with chronic conditions requiring continuity of care. We aimed to assess the extent to which migrants receiving HIV care in Poland remain engaged with healthcare services in their countries of origin.
Methods
Between November and December 2025, we conducted a cross-sectional, self-reported questionnaire survey in 7 of 17 HIV treatment centers in Poland. Consecutive patients who reported a country of origin other than Poland were invited to participate. The questionnaire was available in Ukrainian, Russian, Spanish, Polish, and English. Descriptive statistics are presented.
Results
Of 366 invited patients, 155 (42%) agreed to participate, including 82 (53%) women and 73 (47%) men, with a mean age of 38.7 years. Most participants (108; 70%) originated from Ukraine, and 54 (35%) had experienced forced migration. Overall, 55 (35.5%) were diagnosed with HIV in Poland, and 65 (42%) initiated HIV treatment in Poland (17 declined to answer). Among the 73 individuals who initiated treatment before arrival, 10.5% continued to consult a physician outside the Polish healthcare system, and an additional 6% obtained HIV medications from other sources outside Polish healthcare. No significant differences were observed by forced migration status or by country of origin (Ukraine vs. other).
Conclusions
A substantial proportion of migrants receiving HIV care in Poland have not fully transitioned to the destination country’s healthcare system. This may be addressed through improved patient information and by reducing remaining barriers to care. Data are currently lacking for migrants living with HIV who are not engaged in care in Poland.
Key messages
• Majority of migrants with HIV currently in care in Poland initiated HIV treatment before arrival.
• Significant proportion of migrants with HIV in care in Poland to some extent continue care in their home country.