Incidence and Risk of Trigger Finger Following Carpal Tunnel Release: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study Using a National Database
Meysam Fathi-Choghadeh, Harrison S. Fellheimer, Matthew C. Culkin, Lasya Sethi, Bryan A. Hozack, Pedro K. BeredjiklianBackground:
While an association between carpal tunnel release (CTR) and subsequent trigger finger (TF) has been reported, existing studies have widely varied and often limited sample sizes and follow-ups. This study aimed to determine the risk of new-onset TF following CTR using a large national database.
Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX US Collaborative Network. Patients with a diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome were grouped into 2 propensity score–matched cohorts: those who underwent CTR (n = 42 331) and those who did not (n = 42 331). The primary outcome was a new diagnosis of TF at various time intervals up to 5 years. Odds ratios (ORs) and Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare risk between cohorts.
Results:
During the 5-year follow-up, patients who underwent CTR had a significantly higher incidence of TF compared with the non-surgical cohort (9.2% vs 3.1%; hazard ratio, 2.56; 95% CI, 2.40-2.72;
Conclusions:
This large-scale analysis demonstrates a significant and sustained association between CTR and the subsequent development of TF, with patients being over 5 times more likely to develop TF in the first 6 months after surgery. These findings underscore the importance of preoperative thorough patient counseling and postoperative awareness for early diagnosis of TF.