In Vitro Regeneration of Ludwigia octovalvis via Indirect Organogenesis and Evaluation of Its Bioactive Properties

Due to Ludwigia octovalvis’ aquatic habitat’s vulnerability to climate change, this study developed an in vitro regeneration system using indirect organogenesis to ensure sustainable production of biomass and secondary metabolites. Treatment T16 (0.1 mg/L BAP and 1.0 mg/L NAA) was identified as the optimal hormonal regimen for callus induction and shoot differentiation. Phytochemical analysis by GC-MS revealed that seedlings regenerated under treatment T16 exhibited a diverse profile of 18 phytoconstituents, enhancing the accumulation of phytosterols, terpenes, and tocopherols. In vitro biological evaluation demonstrated that T16 extract possesses significant antibacterial activity (MIC < 62.5 µg/mL) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and moderate antioxidant capacity. T16 extract showed anti-inflammatory effects superior to indomethacin at a low quantity (0.5 mg/ear) in adult CD1 mice of both sexes. In conclusion, the indirect organogenesis of L. octovalvis not only conserves the species but also optimizes its pharmacological potential, consolidating it as an efficient biotechnological platform for the development of advanced phytopharmaceuticals.