Improving Access to Transplant: A Quality Improvement Initiative to Reduce Time From Outpatient Dialysis Initiation to Deceased Donor Kidney Transplant Activation
Priyanka Chati, Jessica Whittington, Karissa Braden, Verghese Priya S, Kaitlyn White, Katrina Andracki, Cara McGarry, Stella Kilduff, Ricardo Superina, Mahima KeswaniABSTRACT
Background
Pre‐emptive kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment in patients with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD); however, many patients must unavoidably initiate dialysis prior to transplantation. Prolonged dialysis exposure is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, mandating prompt transition to transplant when possible. Delays in transplant readiness are unfortunately prevalent and are often driven by fragmented communication, limited education, and system‐level barriers.
Objective
To reduce time from dialysis initiation to deceased donor kidney transplant (DDKT) activation among pediatric patients through a single‐center quality improvement initiative.
Methods
This quality improvement (QI) project was conducted at a tertiary children's hospital affiliated with a pediatric outpatient dialysis unit. Baseline data from 2023 demonstrated a median dialysis‐to‐DDKT activation time of 211.5 days. Interventions were implemented in 2024 through three Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act cycles (PDSA): (1) establishment of a multidisciplinary Guidance and Planning clinic for early transplant education; (2) implementation of biweekly transplant–dialysis coordination meetings supported by expanded transplant coordinator staffing; (3) distribution of a bilingual patient education booklet at dialysis initiation. The primary outcome measure was time to DDKT activation. Trends were evaluated using descriptive statistics and a run chart.
Results
In 2024, 10 patients initiated dialysis during the intervention phase. Excluding 2 patients who were activated for transplantation prior to outpatient dialysis initiation, the median time from dialysis initiation to DDKT activation decreased by 38%, from 211.5 days in 2023 to 130.5 days in 2024. Sixty percent of patients initiating dialysis in 2024 underwent transplantation within the same calendar year. Process measures demonstrated successful implementation of interventions.
Conclusions
Implementation of a structured quality improvement approach was associated with reduced time to transplant activation in pediatric dialysis patients. Improved communication, education, and transplant coordination may represent modifiable factors that may enhance transplant readiness and outcomes.