Implications of periodontitis in cardiovascular diseases: Review

Periodontal disease is a common condition that affects a large part of the population. Periodontitis occurs when bacteria spread deeper into the tissue and the surroundings structures leading to a chronic, destructive, irreversible inflammatory disease. Oral Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria have been frequently identified in blood flow and may play a role in vascular disease. The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between microbial presence in dental plaque and periodontitis, focusing on how these microorganisms may enter the bloodstream, particularly in individuals with cardiovascular diseases. Patients with severe periodontal disease showed endothelial dysfunction and signs of systemic inflammation, placing them at an increased risk level for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Dental diseases including gingivitis, periodontitis, and other odontogenic infections have a higher bacteremia regarding valvular diseases after tooth extraction. Oral bacteria can cause short-term bacteremia during dental treatment especially when is involved periodontitis. Usually, the bacteria enter the circulation and reach body organs through blood, becoming a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.