Impaired glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic functions in patients with chronic migraine

Objectives

To investigate migraine glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic vessel (mLV) functions.

Methods

Migraine patients and healthy controls (HCs) were prospectively recruited between 2020 and 2023. Diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI‐ALPS) index for glymphatics and dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) parameters [time to peak (TTP)/enhancement integral (EI)/mean time to enhance (MTE)] for para‐superior sagittal (paraSSS‐mLV) or para‐transverse (paraTS‐mLV) sinus mLV in episodic migraine (EM), chronic migraine (CM), CM with and without medication‐overuse headache (MOH) were analyzed. DTI‐ALPS correlations with clinical parameters [migraine severity (numeric rating scale (NRS))/disability (Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS))/bodily pain (Widespread Pain Index (WPI))/sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI))] were examined.

Results

Totally 175 subjects (112 migraine+63 HCs) were investigated. DTI‐ALPS values were lower in CM (median[IQR] = 0.64[0.12]) than in EM (0.71[0.13]; p = 0.005) and HCs (0.71[0.09]; p = 0.004). CM with MOH (0.63[0.07]) had lower DTI‐ALPS values than CM without MOH (0.73[0.12]; p < 0.001). Furthermore, CM had longer TTP (paraSSS‐mLV: 55.8[12.9] vs. 40.0[7.6]; p < 0.001; paraTS‐mLV: 51.2[8.1] vs. 44.0[3.3]; p = 0.002), EI (paraSSS‐mLV: 45.5[42.0] vs. 16.1[9.2]; p < 0.001) and MTE (paraSSS‐mLV: 253.7[6.7] vs. 248.4[13.8]; p < 0.001; paraTS‐mLV: (252.0[6.2] vs. 249.7[1.2]; p < 0.001) than EM patients. The MIDAS (p = 0.002) and PSQI (p = 0.002) were negatively correlated with DTI‐ALPS index after Bonferroni corrections (p < q = 0.01).

Interpretations

CM patients, particularly those with MOH, have glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic dysfunctions, which are highly clinically relevant and may implicate pathogenesis for migraine chronification.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.