Impact of nursing interventions based on a multidisciplinary team (MDT) model on recurrence rate and treatment compliance in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding

This study aimed to investigate the impact of nursing interventions based on a multidisciplinary team (MDT) model on recurrence rate and treatment compliance in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). A retrospective cohort study was conducted, enrolling 211 patients with acute GIB admitted from June 2022 to June 2024. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to whether they received MDT nursing care. Propensity score matching was used to control confounding bias, and a total of 96 patients (48 in the MDT group and 48 in the routine nursing group) were included in the analysis. The MDT nursing model consisted of team collaboration, joint ward rounds, staged health education, and continuity follow-up after discharge. Recurrence rate, treatment compliance, length of hospital stay, complications, and satisfaction during the 3-month follow-up period were compared between the 2 groups. After matching, baseline characteristics were balanced and comparable between the 2 groups (all P  > .05). The MDT group had significantly lower recurrence rate (12.5% vs 33.3%, risk ratio = 0.38, 95% confidence interval: 0.16–0.85) and overall complication rate (12.5% vs 29.2%) compared with the routine care group (both P  < .05). The MDT group also showed significantly better medication compliance (83.3% vs 58.3%, odds ratio [OR] = 3.57), dietary compliance (77.1% vs 54.2%, OR = 2.83), and follow-up compliance (85.4% vs 66.7%, OR = 2.91) (all P  < .05). Meanwhile, the MDT group had a shorter average hospital stay (9.2 ± 3.1 vs 11.0 ± 3.8 days, P  = .013), and higher overall satisfaction (91.7% vs 75.0%) and care experience scores (9.1 ± 0.8 vs 8.2 ± 1.1) (all P  < .05). Subgroup analysis showed that the risk-reducing effect of MDT nursing on recurrence was more pronounced in patients aged ≥65 years and those with upper GIB (interaction P  < .05). Nursing interventions based on the MDT model effectively reduce recurrence risk, improve treatment compliance, shorten hospital stay, decrease complications, and enhance patient satisfaction in patients with GIB. Its comprehensive benefits are significantly superior to routine nursing, with particularly greater advantages in elderly patients and those with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.