Impact of Antenatal Exposure to Fumes of Embalming Fluids on Renal Structure and Growth in Mice Pups
Neetu Pippet, Prabhjot Singh, Nidhi PuriBackground:
Formaldehyde has long served as a cornerstone chemical in the preservation and disinfection of cadavers in anatomical education, yet its toxic effects on living organisms are well-documented. Exposure, especially during embalming, can induce respiratory, dermatological, and systemic complications, with evidence indicating carcinogenic and teratogenic risks extending to vulnerable groups such as pregnant women and children.
Materials and Methods:
An experimental study was conducted on 18 female and 6 male mice, grouped and exposed to standard or experimental embalming fluid vapors during gestation. Control and exposed groups were established, with pups examined postnatally for renal histopathological changes. Gross measurements, tissue processing, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and statistical analysis through Chi-square tests were performed to evaluate the organ changes and prevalence of abnormalities.
Discussion:
Findings revealed significant reductions in size and weight of kidneys in mice pups prenatally exposed to embalming fluid. Notable histopathological changes included mesangial proliferation, glomerular congestion, necrosis, and inflammatory edema in exposed groups, supporting associations between formaldehyde exposure and renal damage during development. Literature parallels exist for nephrotoxic outcomes in animal studies and reported human adverse effects.
Conclusion:
Antenatal exposure to formaldehyde-containing embalming fumes elevates the risk of renal injury in developing mice pups, underscoring formalin’s transplacental toxicity. These results advocate for reduced formalin concentrations or alternative preservation techniques to minimize risk, particularly for pregnant anatomy staff and students.