Immunological and Blood Markers as Predictors for Severity among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019
Samar Raffia Herby Al-Saidi, Hassan Ali Al-Saadi, Zuhair Hameed AbboudAbstract
Background:
“Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome” (SARS-CoV-2) was the first coronavirus to be identified in 2019 and was the cause of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) respiratory disease outbreak in Wuhan, China, the disease may cause mild to severe symptoms in infected individuals.
Objectives:
This study aimed to use hematological and biochemical tests to determine the level of D-dimer, complete blood count, ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) in the blood of patients with COVID-19 and the commonest clinical features of COVID-19 patients.
Materials and Methods:
This case–control study included 137 patients who were recumbent in the respiratory care unit from some Hospitals in Babylon and Karbala province, with severe respiratory distress (75 male and 62 female) with COVID-19, age range between 10 and 70 years, and it was proceeded by collected the specimens between January 2021 and April 2022.
Results:
A total of 137 patients were studied, of these, the males were 77, and the females were 60., The most common clinical features were fever, cough, dyspnea, and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) symptoms. The results showed that white blood cells, neutrophils, ferritin, D-dimer, CRP, and suPAR were increased in the patients group. Whereas, lymphocytes showed a significant decrease in the patients group.
Conclusion:
Symptoms of COVID-19 may appear in the infected people like fever, cough, dyspnea, and GIT symptoms. Males are more susceptible to infection compared with females, and the elderly are more affected compared with the younger ones. In addition, the disease causes significant changes in the levels of immune and blood markers.